Short Story Written Under Postmodernism: An Analytical Study

Abstract

When we examine the history of fiction, it becomes clear as day that the time when Premchand started writing fiction was a turbulent period in the history of India and Premchand was full of feelings of philanthropy and patriotism. Therefore, he took the path of realism to bring to light the pathological situation of his time and improve it. After that, the Progressive Movement was established in 1936. In the movement that broke the old concepts and beliefs and formulated the principles and theories for creating literature, ‘Literature for Life’ gained special importance and it is not possible to deny the fact that the Progressive Movement had a very deep and lasting impact on Urdu fiction. The progressive movement also owes its gratitude to Urdu fiction that this movement gave Urdu fiction a wide range of themes, but after liberating the country and embracing all the possibilities of external problems, the progressive movement became monotonous and lost its originality. Therefore, the new fiction writers of modern awareness raised their voices against it in response to establish their individuality and made internal emotions their motivation instead of external problems. By 1960, as a result of further deviations from the prevailing principles and ideas of the progressive movement, the trend of modernism emerged on the horizon of Urdu fiction. The fiction writers who supported this trend made a conscious effort to appear separate from the pre-progressive tradition. To carry out this effort, the fiction writers set a new landscape of literature, under which major changes took place in the content, form, style and technique of fiction. If we look at them, it can be seen that the trend that left the most impression on Urdu fiction after the progressive movement is modernism. The number of writers of symbolic and abstract fiction under modernism is quite long. This articles is based on the postmodernism of short stories of Anees Nagi and Saira Hashmi.