OEconomia

Resilience and adaptability strategies in VUCA times: A case of City Explorers Pvt. Limited

Prof. (Dr) Manoj Joshi — 2024-08-09

The quintessential human lifestyle is rendered vulnerable in the pandemic world, with survival requiring creative resilience and adaptability skillsets. In an entrepreneurial world, entrepreneurs perceive opportunities when all others sweat in chaos. The story of the City Explorers Pvt. Ltd. (CEPL^®) stimulates the dormant and hidden world of experiential tourism, revealing an opportunity for showcasing local cultural and heritage products. Sachin Bansal, the Founder and Chief Explorer^® of the CEPL, believed that engaging individuals and communities in their heritage would positively sync the societal level and produce opportunities at the tourism front. With this imaginativeness, Bansal identified the value of cultural heritage tourism experiences, leading the industry with his foresight. The big question is how will the entrepreneurial venture of India City Walks™ (ICW^®), a pre-COVID brand with recognition and acclaim, navigate and survive the impact on the tourism industry amidst the emerging global economic lockdown and pandemic. Are strategies in place, or will there be an adaptive change? The case traverses on the principle of ‘survival of the fittest’ in the ecosystem of the local tourism industry. CEPL’s dilemmas included a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) business environment. Its trajectory was observed through qualitative research methodologies, including field observation, in-depth interviews and a phenomenological research approach. The journey unveiled entrepreneurial imaginativeness by sharing and unlocking the value proposition of Indian heritage in an open, realistic, responsible and sustainable manner. Sachin’s ideation, action, resilience, adaptability and foresight amidst dilemmas resulted in building city-specific exploration brands drawing at-site resources and capabilities in the entrepreneurial journey.

The Impact of Tax Logic of Western Philosophy Thought on Tax Preferential Policies for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in China

Wang Ying — 2024-08-10

This article seeks to analyse the western philosophical thinking has a profound impact on the development of the world economy. In recent years, with the emergence of global energy conservation and emission reduction targets, countries around the world have introduced a series of tax policies to promote "carbon reduction and emission reduction", and countries attach great importance to the development of low-carbon economy. These tax policies reflect the two basic principles of "fairness" and "assistance" in philosophy. Tax policies should not only ensure the fairness of taxation, but also provide assistance to relevant energy-saving and emission-reduction enterprises. Different emphasis on the two principles will result in different tax impacts. The ideas of "fairness" and "assistance" embodied in China's energy-saving and emission reduction tax incentives belong to the two basic moral demands in the theoretical resources of human ethics, and they are indispensable and interrelated in the formulation of tax incentives and support policies. However, how to balance the two is a problem worth thinking about in the academic world. In this paper, we will review the history of the development of Western philosophical thought and argue the importance of both from the viewpoints of "fairness" and "help", and based on the existing tax incentives for energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Finally, it provides some actionable suggestions for the correct handling of the relationship between "fairness" and assistance.

Qualities of a Good Researcher in Urdu

Dr. Rabia Sarfraz — 2024-08-29

Research is an endeavor in which the factors of scientific discovery, verification and promotion are included. The process of research is bound by various regulations and limitations and certain qualities are also very important for the person carrying out this process, i. e. the researcher. Different critics and academicians have laid down different rules for the researcher. This article is about the qualities of a good researcher. Honesty is extremely important in the characteristics of the researcher. Research process requires selfless hard work and dedication. It is important to adopt a non-emotional approach to research. The researcher should avoid haste and impatience. The importance of curiosity in the characteristics of the researcher cannot be denied. Consistency is important in the content and arguments presented by researcher and it is also important to keep in mind the continuity under the topic. The researcher should have a scientific temperament, the ability to describe the facts with all the details and make precise decisions requires a scientific approach. Absent mind and weak memory have bad effects on the results of the research. Article concludes that a good researcher should have all the above qualities for better and serious research.

Spatio – Temporal Evaluation of Temperature Variability, Trend and Pattern in Jhelum River Basin, Western Himalaya

Basit Nadeem — 2024-08-11

This study examines the variability, increasing or decreasing trends, and patterns of temperature in the Jhelum River Basin, located in the Western Himalayas. Using secondary data sources, temperature data was collected from eight meteorological stations within the basin, provided by the Pakistan Meteorological Department. The data covers a 33-years period from 1993 to 2023. Monthly maximum, minimum, and normal temperatures were analyzed for each station. The results indicate varying temperature intensities across different stations due to their wide distribution and differing elevations. The analysis employs the Sen’s Slope Estimation Magnitude (SSEM) based on the Mann-Kendall trend model to detect trends in the temperature data. The findings reveal a general rise in temperatures across all stations. Specifically, the SSEM values for maximum temperatures range from 0.050 in Jhelum to 0.388 in Gharidupatta. Minimum and normal temperatures also show increasing trends, with some stations experiencing stronger rises than others. This study highlights the significant warming trends in the Jhelum River Basin, which could have profound impacts on the region's climate and environment. The insights gained from this research are crucial for developing adaptive strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change in the Western Himalayas.

Impact of Glacier Mass Balance on Socioeconomic Conditions of the Shigar Valley, Karakoram, Pakistan

Munazza Afreen (Corresponding author) — 2024-08-18

Shigar Valley, in the Karakoram Range, relies heavily on glaciers for its water resources, which are vital for agriculture, hydropower, and local livelihoods. However, climate variability is causing significant changes in the glacier mass balance, causing socio-economic impacts. Reduced water availability, increased risk of glacial lake outburst floods, and fluctuations in meltwater flows pose significant challenges for feasibility and stability of hydropower generation. The present study aims to analyze the past and future fluctuations in glacier mass balance in the Shigar Valley and assess its impacts on the socioeconomic conditions of the local communities. We use Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) to analyze the past dynamics and future trends in mass balance under different climate scenarios by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data. This approach can inform water resource management, disaster preparedness, and economic planning, fostering resilience in Shigar Valley's communities. Our findings reveal mixed trends in glacier mass balance highlighting balance gain in some big glaciers particularly during the 1990s confirming the Karakoram Anomaly, while most of the smaller glaciers have been showing negative mass balance. The findings further reveal that more than 50% of the respondents are highly dependent on glacier meltwater for agriculture and other uses, while majority of the respondents reported that they have been adversely affected by glacier dynamics.